Morgellons disease: Horror in reality

03.02.2012 12:01

Morgellons disease resembles a scene from a horror movie. The entire body is itchy. Those suffering from the disease have a sensation of something crawling under their skin. Then lesions appear. When they break, colored fibers and substance similar to dark sand grains come out.

Wounds partially heal, leaving welts and scars, but soon appear elsewhere.

It started five years ago, when Mary Leitão took fibers that looked like dandelion fluff from an abscess on the lip of her two-year old son. After three pediatricians, three allergists, two dermatologists and multiple wrong diagnoses, she realized that her Drew had a serious problem. Sores started to appear throughout the body. When they would burst, white, blue and black fibers would come out of them. The kid complained of itching, and said that bugs were crawling under his skin. Mary Leitão continued consulting doctors, but no one believed her.

The last doctor she appealed for help, an infectious diseases specialist at Johns Hopkins University, not only refused to see Drew, but suggested that the mother had Munchausen's syndrome - a psychiatric disorder where a parent pretends that her child is sick to get the attention of physicians. Mary found out what happened to Drew in March of 2004. After her website appeared on the Internet, it turned out that she was not fighting the doctors alone. There were thousands of people like her son. Drew Leitão had Morgellons disease.

In the mid-1930s, a British physician C. Kellet argued in the journal "Annals of British Medicine" that for the first time Morgellons disease was described by French doctors in the 17th century. Then, however, it was described as black hairs growing from children's skin. The first people who suffered from this disease were the children of the Morgellons family residing in Languedoc. While the "early" form of the disease is not exactly the same as the modern one, the name has stuck.  

The fibers that appear on the patients' skin are not textile fibers, as was thought at first, not worms or insects, not fragments of human skin or hair. The fibers do not appear from the outside, they are formed of substance produced in the body, possibly as a result of unknown infection.

In the laboratory the fibers were first subjected to a spectroscopic analysis, but no similarity with any of the 800 fibers registered in the database were found. Then chromatographic analysis was conducted, with the same result. The database contains nearly 90,000 organic compounds, but neither one of them look like the inspected threads. Other symptoms of Morgellons disease include chronic fatigue, forcing patients to leave work and stay home, a sharp decline in mental abilities, especially memory, severe depression, joint swelling, muscle spasms and loss of hair.

The exact number of patients is unknown to date. The site of the Center for Morgellons disease, led by Mary Leitão, has eight thousand registered users. But this, certainly, is just the tip of the iceberg. Some people do not have computers, some do not know about the Center, while others simply gave up and think they cannot be helped and intend to commit suicide. Patients reside not only in all 50 U.S. states, but also in the UK, Australia, and the Netherlands. Doctors do not know how to treat the mysterious disease. Indeed, in most cases they claim that the "insects" and fibers with grains are nothing more than a figment of a sick imagination of the patients. In medicine it is called delusional parasitosis. After this diagnosis many stop going to doctors. Patients try to treat themselves - burn their furniture, clothing and carpets, move to other apartments and homes, but the strange ailment does not go away. Some claim that Morgellons disease is a new type of biological weapon.

In late 2011, experts of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. conducted a new research and found no traces of an infectious agent or parasite on examination of the skin of patients suffering from Morgellons disease. American scientists believe that Morgellons disease is of psychiatric nature. Incidentally, the mysterious fibers were tested again and chemists have found that they are fibers of cotton or nylon. "We found no evidence that this is an infectious disease. Most of the patients, if sick, are sick mentally," said the study's author Dr. Mark Ebenhard.

Vadim Kirillov

Medpulse

Дмитрий Судаков

Americans get closer to building weapon of the future

01.02.2012 18:54

The US Navy may have the world's most powerful electromagnetic gun - the so-called railgun - during the forthcoming 15 years. The "Weapon of the 21^st Century," as Russian specialists described it, was undergoing tests during the recent several years. US defense officials were satisfied with the results. They have already signed the first contract to create the power source for the gun. The railgun needs a lot of energy to accelerate projectiles to supersonic speeds.

Raytheon Company, one of the USA's largest defense suppliers, signed an agreement with the Naval Sea Systems Command for the creation of the power system for the railgun. The agreement was evaluated at $10 billion, a message on the website of the company said.

In accordance with the agreement, Raytheon undertakes to design and build the power module, which will become a part of the Pulse Forming Network (PFN). In the future, the system can be used for the production of railguns and combat lasers.

A railgun is an entirely electrical gun that accelerates a conductive projectile along a pair of metal rails using the same principles as the homopolar motor. Railguns use two sliding or rolling contactsthat permit a largeelectric current to pass through the projectile. This current interacts with the strong magnetic fields generated by the rails and this accelerates the projectile. Particular characteristics are the lack of propellant (only the projectile and the electrical energy to launch it are required to be expended) and the ability to launch projectiles much faster than firearms-based technology allows.

Railguns have long existed as experimental and demonstrator technology. However, in recent years, some are moving towards becoming feasible military technology. For example, in the late 2000s, the U.S. Navy tested a railgun that accelerates a 3.2 kg (7 pound) projectile to approximately 2.4 kilometres per second (5,400 mph). They gave the project the Latin motto "Velocitas Eradico", which they translate as "Speed Destroys".

Apart from military applications, railguns have also been proposed to launch spacecraft into orbit. Unless the launching track was particularly long (and the acceleration required to reach orbit spread over a much longer time), such launches would however be restricted to unmanned spacecraft.

The USA conducted the first tests of the military railgun in 2008. The tests showed that the system was capable of accelerating projectiles to the speed of 9,000 kmh. By firing at greater velocities railguns have greater range, less bullet drop and less wind drift, bypassing the inherent cost and physical limitations of conventional firearms. The most recent test of a railgun took place on December 10, 2010, by the US Navy at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. During the test, the Office of Naval Research set a world record by conducting a 33 MJshot from the railgun

The goal of such tests is to build a new weapon system for surface vessels. When completed, railguns will be able to shoot projectiles at distances of up to 400 kilometers. The main advantage of the electromagnetic gun is that it poses no danger for the crew. There are no explosives used in the system.

Russian military experts admit that the railgun is a prospective weapon system of the new century. The destructive force of the system is very high. The range of the new complex is comparable to the range of missile systems. Since there is no explosive used, the projectiles are safe and lighter.

As for disadvantages, railguns can easily unmask the vessels on which they will be installed. In addition, the system needs enormous mounts of energy for work. To solve this problem, one would have to build a new generation of vessels with the energy system that would supply enough energy to both their engines and weapon systems, Russian officials noted in 2008.

In the middle of 2011, the US Senate was going to cut the funding for two most "futuristic" defense projects - the railgun and the combat laser. President Obama rescued the "weapon of the 21^st century" when he signed the decree to continue the development of railguns. First railguns are to appear on US vessels by 2025. 

Дмитрий Судаков